Basics of Underwater Photography

Photography done underwater.

Underwater photography is a fascinating pursuit, offering a glimpse into a world that few get to see. It combines the technical challenges of photography with the unique conditions of the underwater environment. This unit will introduce you to the basics of underwater photography, including understanding light and color underwater, composition techniques, and basic camera settings.

Understanding Light and Color Underwater

Underwater, light behaves differently than it does on land. As you descend, the water absorbs light, starting with the red end of the spectrum. This is why underwater photos often have a blue or green tint if no artificial light is used. Understanding this can help you use light more effectively in your underwater photography.

Artificial light sources, such as strobes or video lights, can help restore colors lost to absorption. They are most effective when used close to the subject.

Composition Techniques for Underwater Photography

Composition is key to creating engaging underwater photos. Here are a few techniques to consider:

• Rule of Thirds: Imagine your frame divided into nine equal parts by two equally spaced horizontal lines and two equally spaced vertical lines. The rule of thirds suggests that you place your main subject along these lines, or at their intersections, for a balanced and engaging photo.

• Leading Lines: Use natural lines in the underwater environment, like the edge of a coral reef or the body of a fish, to lead the viewer's eye to your main subject.

• Framing: Use elements in the underwater environment, like an arch of coral or a school of fish, to frame your main subject.

Basic Camera Settings for Underwater Photography

The right camera settings can make a big difference in your underwater photos. Here are a few basics:

• Shutter Speed: This controls how long your camera's sensor is exposed to light. Faster shutter speeds can freeze action, while slower speeds can create a sense of motion.

• Aperture: This controls how much light enters your camera. A wider aperture (lower f-number) lets in more light and creates a shallow depth of field, while a narrower aperture (higher f-number) lets in less light and creates a greater depth of field.

• ISO: This controls your camera's sensitivity to light. A higher ISO makes your camera more sensitive to light, which can be useful in darker underwater conditions, but may also increase noise.

• White Balance: This adjusts the colors in your photo to look natural under different types of light. Underwater, you may need to adjust your white balance to compensate for the blue or green tint of the water.

Remember, underwater photography is a blend of science and art. Understanding the basics will give you a solid foundation, but don't be afraid to experiment and develop your own style. Happy diving and shooting!