Introduction to Vine Training Systems

Science, production and study of grapes.

Vine training systems are an integral part of viticulture. They are designed to organize the vine in a certain way to optimize the exposure of leaves and fruit to sunlight, improve air circulation, and manage pests and diseases. This article will provide an overview of different vine training systems and guide you in choosing the right system based on vine type, climate, and grape variety.

Understanding Vine Training Systems

Vine training systems are methods used to guide the growth of grapevines. They involve arranging the vine's trunk, arms, and shoots in a specific pattern, usually supported by a trellis. The primary goals of vine training are to maximize the vine's exposure to sunlight, manage the canopy's density, and facilitate vineyard management activities like pruning, pest control, and harvesting.

Different Vine Training Systems

There are several vine training systems, each with its unique characteristics and benefits. Here are some of the most common ones:

1. Vertical Shoot Positioning (VSP): This is the most common training system. In VSP, the vine's trunk is trained vertically, with the fruiting wires positioned at the bottom and the foliage wires at the top. This system is ideal for cooler climates and grape varieties that require more sun exposure.

2. Geneva Double Curtain (GDC): This system is designed for vigorous vines in regions with high sunlight. The vine's trunk is divided into two arms that are trained along two wires, forming a double curtain of foliage. This allows for better sunlight penetration and air circulation.

3. Lyre: Named after the musical instrument it resembles, the Lyre system is designed to maximize sunlight exposure and air circulation. The vine's trunk is split into two arms that are trained to grow outward in a V-shape.

4. Scott Henry: This system is similar to VSP but with an additional set of fruiting wires below the canopy. This allows for higher fruit yield without compromising quality. It's suitable for vigorous vines in regions with moderate sunlight.

Choosing the Right Training System

Choosing the right training system depends on several factors:

• Vine Vigor: Vigorous vines with plenty of leaf growth may benefit from systems like GDC or Scott Henry, which allow for better sunlight penetration and air circulation.

• Climate: In cooler climates, systems like VSP that maximize sun exposure can help ripen the grapes. In warmer climates, systems that provide some shade to the grapes, like GDC, can prevent sunburn.

• Grape Variety: Some grape varieties have specific sunlight and air circulation requirements that can be met by certain training systems.

In conclusion, understanding vine training systems is crucial for managing a successful vineyard. The right system can significantly impact the quality of the grapes and the overall health and productivity of the vine.