Understanding Social Rules and Norms as Games

Informal understanding of acceptable conduct.

In the realm of game theory, social norms play a significant role. They can be viewed as equilibrium strategies that guide the behavior of individuals within a society. This article will delve into the concept of social norms as games, the impact of breaking these norms, and how they influence individual and group behavior.

Social Norms as Equilibrium Strategies

In game theory, an equilibrium is a state in which no player can benefit from changing their strategy while the other players keep theirs unchanged. Similarly, social norms can be seen as equilibrium strategies. They are unwritten rules that govern behavior within a society, and individuals usually conform to these norms because it is in their best interest to do so. For example, standing in line is a social norm. Everyone benefits from this orderly process, and no one gains an advantage by breaking this norm.

The Role of Social Norms in Cooperative and Non-Cooperative Games

Social norms play a crucial role in both cooperative and non-cooperative games. In cooperative games, norms guide the behavior of the players towards a common goal. For instance, norms of honesty and trustworthiness facilitate cooperation among individuals.

In non-cooperative games, social norms can help maintain order and predictability. For example, traffic rules are social norms that help avoid chaos on the roads. Even though each driver has their own destination (individual goal), following traffic rules (social norms) ensures a smoother journey for everyone.

Breaking Social Norms as a Strategic Move

Breaking a social norm can sometimes be a strategic move. For instance, in a competitive market, a company might break the norm of fair competition to gain an advantage over its competitors. However, such actions can have consequences, such as legal penalties or damage to the company's reputation.

Impact of Social Norms on Individual and Group Behavior

Social norms significantly influence individual and group behavior. They provide a framework for expected behavior, reducing uncertainty in social interactions. Individuals who conform to social norms are often rewarded with social acceptance, while those who violate these norms may face social sanctions.

In conclusion, understanding social norms as games provides valuable insights into human behavior. It helps us understand why individuals behave the way they do and how we can predict their behavior in different social situations. This understanding is crucial in various fields, including sociology, psychology, economics, and political science.