Selection & Evaluation of Ammunition for Long Range Shooting

Shooting at targets placed at very long distances from the shooter.

Choosing the right ammunition for long range shooting is a critical factor in achieving accuracy and precision. This article will guide you through the factors to consider when selecting ammunition, understanding bullet performance and ballistics, and how to evaluate ammunition based on accuracy, consistency, and reliability.

Factors to Consider When Selecting Ammunition

When selecting ammunition for long range shooting, several factors come into play:

1. Bullet Weight: The weight of the bullet, measured in grains, can significantly affect the trajectory and wind drift. Heavier bullets tend to be less affected by wind but may require more adjustment for drop at longer ranges.

2. Bullet Design: The shape and design of the bullet can influence its ballistic coefficient, which is a measure of its aerodynamic efficiency. Bullets with higher ballistic coefficients are less affected by wind and maintain their velocity better over long distances.

3. Consistency: Consistency in the manufacturing process can affect the performance of the ammunition. Look for brands that have a reputation for quality and consistency.

4. Purpose: The intended use of the ammunition can also guide your selection. For example, match-grade ammunition is designed for maximum accuracy and is ideal for competition shooting, while hunting ammunition is designed for optimal performance on game.

Understanding Bullet Performance and Ballistics

Bullet performance is largely determined by its ballistics. Ballistics is the science of how a projectile moves through the air, and it's divided into three categories:

1. Internal Ballistics: This refers to what happens inside the firearm, from the moment the primer is struck until the bullet leaves the barrel.

2. External Ballistics: This covers the bullet's flight from the muzzle of the gun to the target. Factors such as bullet shape, weight, spin, speed, and atmospheric conditions can affect external ballistics.

3. Terminal Ballistics: This is what happens when the bullet hits the target. In long range shooting, the focus is usually on accuracy and precision, rather than terminal effects.

Evaluating Ammunition: Accuracy, Consistency, and Reliability

When evaluating ammunition, consider the following:

1. Accuracy: This is a measure of the ammunition's ability to hit the target where aimed. High-quality ammunition should produce tight groups at the target.

2. Consistency: This refers to the ammunition's ability to perform the same way shot after shot. Consistency is crucial for predictable bullet trajectory and wind drift.

3. Reliability: Reliable ammunition feeds, fires, and ejects correctly every time. Unreliable ammunition can cause malfunctions, which can be dangerous and will certainly disrupt your shooting.

In conclusion, understanding and selecting the right ammunition is a critical aspect of long range shooting. By considering the factors outlined in this article, you can make an informed decision that will help you achieve your shooting goals.