Understanding Temperature Variations in Long Range Shooting

Shooting at targets placed at very long distances from the shooter.

Temperature variations can significantly impact the performance of both your ammunition and firearm in long range shooting. This article will delve into the effects of temperature on shooting and provide techniques for maintaining firearm performance in extreme temperatures.

Effects of Temperature on Bullet Performance

Temperature can affect the ballistic performance of a bullet in several ways. Firstly, changes in temperature can alter the internal ballistics of a firearm. The propellant inside a cartridge is sensitive to temperature changes. When the temperature increases, the propellant burns faster, which can increase the muzzle velocity of the bullet. Conversely, in colder temperatures, the propellant burns slower, potentially decreasing the bullet's muzzle velocity.

Secondly, temperature changes can also affect the air density, which in turn influences the bullet's flight. Warmer air is less dense than colder air, meaning that a bullet will encounter less resistance and may travel slightly further in warmer conditions.

Adjusting for Temperature Changes

Understanding the effects of temperature on bullet performance is crucial, but knowing how to adjust for these changes is equally important. Shooters can use ballistic calculators or charts that factor in temperature changes to adjust their aim. These tools can provide the necessary adjustments to your scope for different temperatures.

It's also important to note that temperature can affect your point of impact. As a rule of thumb, a rise in temperature will cause the point of impact to shift up, while a decrease will cause it to shift down.

Maintaining Firearm Performance in Extreme Temperatures

Extreme temperatures can affect the overall performance of your firearm. In very cold conditions, metal can contract, potentially affecting the firearm's mechanical function. Lubricants can also thicken in cold weather, which can slow down the firearm's action.

In contrast, high temperatures can cause metal parts to expand and lubricants to thin out, which can lead to increased wear and tear on the firearm.

To maintain your firearm's performance in extreme temperatures:

• Use a temperature-resistant lubricant that won't thicken in cold weather or thin out in hot weather.
• Store your firearm and ammunition in a controlled environment whenever possible.
• Regularly clean and inspect your firearm, paying particular attention to any changes in performance after exposure to extreme temperatures.

In conclusion, understanding and adjusting for temperature variations is a crucial aspect of long range shooting. By taking these factors into account, you can improve your accuracy and maintain the performance of your firearm, regardless of the weather conditions.