The History of Wine Making in Burgundy

Wine made in the Burgundy region in eastern France.

The history of wine making in Burgundy is as rich and complex as the wines themselves. The region's viticultural roots can be traced back to Roman times, but it was during the Medieval period that Burgundy's reputation as a producer of fine wines truly began to flourish.

Roman Influence

The Romans were the first to cultivate vineyards in Burgundy, recognizing the region's potential for producing high-quality wines. They introduced viticulture techniques and grape varieties that laid the foundation for the region's wine industry.

Medieval Period

During the Middle Ages, the Church played a significant role in the development of Burgundy's wine industry. Monastic orders, particularly the Cistercians and Benedictines, meticulously tended vineyards and developed advanced viticulture techniques. They also began the practice of carefully observing the variations between different vineyard plots, leading to the concept of 'terroir' that is so central to Burgundy wines today.

Evolution of Wine Making Techniques

Over the centuries, wine making techniques in Burgundy have evolved, influenced by technological advancements, changing tastes, and the need to combat various challenges such as pests and diseases. Despite these changes, the focus on expressing the unique characteristics of each vineyard plot has remained a constant.

Historical Challenges

Burgundy's wine industry has faced numerous challenges throughout its history. The phylloxera crisis in the late 19th century devastated vineyards, leading to a shift in the types of grapes grown. Both World Wars also had a significant impact, with many vineyards left untended and winemaking halted.

Classification System

One of the most important aspects of Burgundy's wine history is the development of its classification system. Established officially in 1936, the system classifies vineyards into four levels of quality: Grand Cru, Premier Cru, Village, and Regional. This classification, based on the 'terroir' of the vineyards, has been instrumental in shaping Burgundy's reputation as a producer of some of the world's finest wines.

In conclusion, the history of wine making in Burgundy is a fascinating journey that has shaped the region's unique wine culture. Understanding this history enriches our appreciation of Burgundy wines, adding depth to every sip.